“望而知之谓之神，闻而知之谓之圣，问而知之谓之工，切而知之谓之巧。”西医讲求四诊合参、辨证论治，四诊便是望闻问切。
说到西医的四诊，就不得不说起西医问诊《十问歌》即“一问寒热二问汗，三问头身四问便，五问饮食六胸腹，七聋八渴俱当辨，九问宿病十问因，再兼服药参机变。妇女尤必问经期，迟速闭崩皆可见。再添片语告儿科，天花麻疹全占验。”
tahenhaodizongjielexiyiwenzhendefangfa，tixingdafuyaojingyoujinchengzhouquandesizhenhecan，zonghexingdetingzhichanfazhenduan，zuichulaijiandingbingzheng。
gonggongjinxiuxiyiwenzhen《shiwenge》，kelinghuiyixiexiyiwenzhenchangshi，yehuiduijiuzhiqidaozhidianganhua。 一问寒热二问汗 问寒热 寒热是区分患者病邪性子和机体阴阳隆替的首要按照。 “wenhanre”zhikouwenhuanzheshibushiganshoupalenghuofashao。“han”kefenwei:
yufengjueleng，weizhiefeng；zifapaleng，duojiayibeihuojinhuoqunuanhehebunengjianhuan，weizhiehan；ruojiayibeihuojinhuoqunuanhehenengjianhuan，chengweiweihan。“re”baohantiwenjiangdi，huotiwenyibanerzifamanshen、bufenfashao。 xiyiyouanzhaohanrezhijiandeganxitingzhifenlei，yicixiangjinqufenjibing，huanzheyekeanzhaoyixiabiaoxiankankanbenshenshuyunayizhongbingzheng:
ehanfashao，zhiehanyufashaotongshichengxian；zhiganshoulengerbufashao，chengweidanhanbure；zhiganshoufashaoerbupaleng，zeweidanrebuhan；hanrelaiwang，zhiehanyufashaoguadaichengxian。 问汗 汗能反映人体阴阳和表里两方面变更，“问汗”首要诊察患者是不是出汗及部位、时候、几多等。 表证辨汗:
表证无汗多为外感风寒；表证有汗为表虚或表热证。 里证辨汗:
汗出不已，动则减轻者为自汗，这类人多为阳气虚损；睡时汗出，醒则汗止者为冷汗，多属阴虚内热；身大热而大汗出，多为里热炽盛；先恶寒颤栗，继而满身大汗者为战汗，多见于急性热病；汗身世热、焦躁不安、脉来短促，为邪盛正衰之危候。 部分辨汗:
头部出汗能够是因为阳热或干冷；额部出汗，脉微欲绝，为元阳团圆，虚阳浮越之危象；半身汗出者，无汗部位多为病侧，可因痰湿或风湿停滞，或营卫和睦，或中风偏枯；伯仲心多汗，多因脾胃干冷，或阴经郁热而至。 三问头身四问便 问头身 头痛有真假之分。头部胀痛、刺痛、牢固痛等多失实证；头部空痛、隐痛多属虚症。头晕亦分真假，实证大多由怒火、痰湿、瘀血而至，虚证多由气血亏虚或肾虚精亏而至。在呈现头痛、头晕病症时，总会有其余陪同病症，咱们能够经由进程陪同病症区分寒热真假。周身、四肢为十二经络循行的地方，气血之所荣，以是周身、四肢很是也反映了疾病的寒热真假。若自发身材困重乏力，伴见舌苔腻等湿滞之象，这大多是因为水湿泛溢而至；若身重疲惫，多为肢体筋络失于濡养而至。 问便 “二便为一身之流派”。大便的分泌与脾胃受纳运化、肾阳和煦、肝的疏泄、肺气肃降都有紧密亲密干系。小便的排挤，与肾的气化、脾的运化、肺的肃降和三焦通调有关。以是，“二便为一身之流派，不管外伤外感，皆当察此，以辨寒热真假。” linchuangwenerbian，shouyaokouwenerbiancishu、bianliang、xingzhuang、secai、qixihepaibianshihou、paibianshideganshouheyoubupeitongbingzheng，zheixiefangmiandebiangengtixinghuanzhedehanrezhenjiayanbian，ruguofaminghenshibixuyinfazhengshi。ruojianxiaobiansehuangchierqueshaozhe，duoshurezheng；niaosebaierqingfulao，duoshuhanzheng。bianmianhanrezhenjiakefenwei:
shirezhe，duofuzhangmanmen，tongerjuan，taihuangzaolie；shihanzhe，duofutongjuan，taibaishenleng，weihanxiegejueyangqi，fuqibutong。xiexieyiyouhanrezhenjiazhibie:
ganlengxiexie，kejianbaoxuanxiexie，dabianchouhui，futongchangming，lijihouzhong，gangmenchire；hanshixiexie，kejianxieruxishui，sedanhuangerweixingchou；shizhixiexie，kejiantuxiejiaozuo，tuwusuanchou，xiexiachouhui；pixuxiexie，kejianwangubuhua，bianxitangbo，tuoyanrijiu；zhurifuxiaoqianfutongxiexie，xiehouzean，duoweishenyangxuxiexie，youcheng“wugengxie”；gangmenqizhui，shenzetuogang，duoweizhongqixiaxian。 五问饮食六胸腹 问饮食 脾胃是人体最首要的器官之一，是气血生化之源。人体发展发育、保持性命的统统养分物资都要靠脾胃供应。一旦脾胃功效变态，人体安康、推陈出新、气血轮回等城市遭到严峻影响。 chideshao、xiaohuabuliangzhe，huoweipiweiqixu，huoweiwaishangshizhi，huoweishixiekunpi；pingchangqingyiyanshi、weibuzhangtong、aiqi、fansuanderen，duoweixiaohuabuliang；aihaochireshihuochiwanfanhouchangganshoubaozhangzhe，duoshipiweixuhan；yanshiqingdan、xiezhangoue，kejianyugandanganleng、hengnifanwei；xiaogushanjizhe，duoweiweihuochisheng，banyouduoyinduoniaozhe，kejianyuxiaokebing；jibuyushizhe，changweiweiyinquefaerzhi；shirujitu，qishijiaomeng，duoshuweizhongshihuoshangni；chaoshimutu，mushichaotu，duoyinpiweixuhan；tunyanhuise、xionggegengzuzhe，duoweiyegezheng。 问胸腹 胸即膻中，上连心肺，下通脏腑。与胸腹部相干的疾病良多，“问胸腹”首要区分脏腑病证，包含胸闷、心悸、胁胀、腹胀等。 xiongmenduoyuxinfeidengzangqiqijibuchang，huohanrezhenjiayouguan；xinjiduoshiyinweixinhuoxinshenfabaobingbianerzhi；xiezhangduoshiyinweigandanjiqijingmaifabaobingbian；fuzhangduoweiqijibuchang。 七聋八渴俱当辨 问听力 西医常会问患者:
“日常平凡有不耳鸣、听力降落等题目？” xiyiwenjijilu:
“ersuishaoyangzhijing，ershiweishenzangzhiguan，youweizongmaizhisuoju，wenzhifeiweikebianzhenjia，yiqiekezhisisheng。”ruohuanzheyoutinglishaoweixiaotui，huotingjuechidundengbingzheng，chengweizhongting；tinglijiaozhexiaotui，naizhitingjuewanzhengsunshi，chengweierlong；zifaerneiyouxiangsheng，chengweierming。erming、erlongzhe，youdeshiyinweishenxuyinfa，yeyounenggoushinuhuohuoganjingganlengerzhi，shenxuzheduobanyouyaoxisuanruan、yeniaopinqieqingzhang。 问口渴 患者救治时，西医常会问:
“日常平凡喝水环境怎样样？是不是常常感受口干口渴？” koukeshouyaoshiyinweitineijinyequefa，huojinyeshubuchengxianfangaierzhi。xiyiyiwei，“wenkeyubuke，nenggouchalizhengzhihanre，erzhenjiazhibianyicongyijian。”xiyiwenzhenshi，huizhuzhonghuanzheyoubukouke、yinshuijiduo、lengreaihaojiqiyubingzheng。 kouke，kejianyujinyeyishang、shuishineiting；henshikeyouaihaochilengyin，weireshengshangjin；keweijiyin，huoshuirujitu，kejianyutanyinshuishineitinghuoganlengneikun；koukedanyongshuishukouyoubuxiangyanxia，qiebanyouduoyinduoniaoderen，duodelexiaokebing。 九问宿病十问因 问宿病 “之前有近似环境吗？有家属史吗？有过敏的药物吗？”问宿病是取得患者疾病信息的首要体例，能够发明疾病的诱因、病发病程及家属史等。 dafuwensubing，yeshiweilekankanhuanzhebencijibingbingzhengshibushiyuzhiqiandejibinghuojiashushixianggan。ruguohuanzherichangpingfanshencaiqiangjian，debingduoshishizheng；ruoshencaishuairuozhedebing，duoshuxuzheng；richangpingfanyangxu、weihanpalengderendebing，duoweihanzheng；yinxuzhedebing，duoweirezheng。 问因 “问因”即大夫经由进程问诊，找到能够引发疾病的缘由，以便辨证施治、迷信用药。 zongdelaijiang，bingyinshuhan，duoweihanzheng，yizhiduoyongwenreleiyaowu；bingyinshure，duoweirezheng，yizhiduoyonghanliangleiyaowu。lingwai，fuyaojinchengzhong，ruohuanzheshencaichengxianbuliangfanying，yingshishiyudafuxiangtong，diaojiyongyao。 chuguanliwenzhenneirongwai，funvyingjiawenyuejing、daixia、huaitaihechanyudenghuanjing，yeyinglinghuixiaoerdanshengqianhoudehuanjing、fangbeijiezhonghuanjingheshibushihuanguomazhen、shuidoudengzhanbaobingjizhanbaobingdazhangshi。 xiyiwenzhenneirongfeichangfengshuo，benwenzhiluoliehukouzhonghanjiandeyiyu。ruguohukouzhongjiandaojiaoweipangzadehuanjing，rengshichangyidashiquzhengguibingyuanjiuzhi。
